The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.